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Merry Christmas!

Hope Santa was good to you and you’re not active in secondary markets for re-gifting or getting some money out of useless stuff. 😄

Writing this from a self-imposed detox period, as I try to stay away from work as much as possible these days, like everybody else in Europe. Old habits die hard though and found myself up very early on Saturday with a fresh cuppa in front of me and all neurons working at full speed - thought I might as well put out a last Sunday CET edition for this year.

A different one than the usual and a fun one to write - with 25 thoughts for the 25 years we’re about to finish out of the 21st century. We’ll soon pass a quarter of this century, can you believe how fast it went by?

As always - looking forward to what you have to say, hit reply with your comments.

Will resume the usual work next year - I have some super interesting interviews lined up already - most likely in two weeks. Until then, stay warm and be cool, I wish you all the best for 2026.

Dragos

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Market talk

  1. We live interesting times - very different than what most people in their late 30s or older are used to or have ever experienced before.

    Pace of change is fast and often uncomfortable - name of the game is adapting to the new realities, rather than resisting to them. If what you do on daily basis is not impacted by un-comfortability, it’s likely a sign of being on the laggards side.

  2. The cycles are shorter, have high velocity and different dynamics - entering into the sixth year post-covid, which seems like ages ago, and we've had:

    • the covid lockdown

    • post covid euphoria that culminated with ZIRP

    • post ZIRP market crash

    • Russia starting ww3

    • AI discovery

    • now entering in a sixth cycle that should have a life of its own.

  3. Today’s macro, whose predictability is a sign of stability, is defined by multiple variability that’s changing unexpectedly - environments are becoming 100X more complex to navigate, without a clearly-defined realistic outcome in sight.

    • We're mid-www3, transitioning to a god-knows-what type of equilibrium, away from the civilized world we've had for the past fifty years.

    • Whatever the equilibrium outcome, the short term looks more like a survival game rather than a long-lasting development mindset, and requires extra sets of muscles - alertness, flexibility and quick adaptations adding tension to an already-strained system that was designed for the realities of the 20th century under peaceful conditions.

  4. Another impact variable is a new emerging tech paradigm - tech and startups have also played a major role in those cycles and are direct driver for the fast change:

    • AI has become a mainstream thing, way beyond nerdy discussions

    • not a singular driver though - we also have hyper growth in space, EV, robots, biotech

    • overall technology is more advanced than a year ago, moving at super-high pace and still at 3-5% of the upside the next years opportunities present.

    • startups riding the wave today, and pushing for building sustainable business, are just part of an incipient movement.

  5. Buy-side investing has also changed tremendously in the past few years yet is the same business as ever - fundamentals, fundamentals, fundamentals for paying DPIs - regardless whether you do startups, public companies or other assets.

    • Yes - there will be competent ones and less so, opportunists and long game players, folks chasing hype and glam and fundamental followers - always have, always will be.

    • No - you cannot fake it behind 8-10 years cycles anymore, nor numbers or just value-add with BS and/or with noisy Linkedin platitudes chasing engagement.

  6. Same goes for value creation via a tech startup - i.e. build something people want at profitable unit economics.

    • Yes - you can grow super fast if you are able to find the right waves and unlock sweet spots.

    • No - you cannot skip steps into building a fundamentally solid economic foundation that should generate sustainable economic rents.

  7. However, growth hacking solely based on what the VCs tell you is like watching porn thinking you should do the same in your bedroom.

    • If your startup objective is to get rich quick, you can join the VCs working the markets and understand the rules of how to tag along - you’re just a tiny part of their game, not the game.

    • If however you’re about your own game, taking time to focus on sustainable value creation, there’s multiple other ways to build meaningful stuff, starting with the fundamentals of a company, customers, markets and so on.

    • The overlap between the two is diminishing as the VC business is under a lot of pressure to remain competitive in their own game.

  8. There’s a bunch more people giving a stab at tech startups, especially in Europe. This will continue for at least a few reasons:

    • the economic crisis and war will lead to un-employment, which will force folks to find different avenues for making a living.

    • middle class Europeans, who by definition are entitled, cheap and very risk averse, will add a tech product on their trials for building passive income, as a hedge to the usual apartment rentals or airbnb gigs on the side.

    • financial costs of trying to build a startup are as low as ever

    • tech is affordable and easy to put together, you don't really need an engineering team to do an MVP and validate PMF.

  9. Overall, in Europe startups have passed the stage of a cool exotic thing you talk over at dinner table, onto one of societal acceptance and support.

    • Even the EU politicians kind of figured there's something there - it’s arguably still outside their comfort zone and beyond the required narrative for getting elected, but Draghi’s report was a turning moment for European bureaucracy to take tech startups seriously. Current economic crisis is an accelerator.

  10. US of A is cool for startups but not so much anymore.

    • Yes - USA means access to a whole lotta smart money, single-language customer base, and an environment with more risk takers, better suited for startups. America remains the easiest way to grow fast and become a millionaire out of nothing - even though, arguably, with the same odds as playing the lottery.

    • No - US is a more competitive market than Europe, has become more woke than the EU, with more political instability, highly polarized and charged, unhealthy lifestyle, violent and more expensive than Europe at the top i.e SF, NYC.

  11. That means people from the VC bubble will still have the US as a first option for getting it off the ground quickly - it’s the more reasonable way for building fast a $1B+ company.

    • Is it the only way though?

    • Europe looks increasingly like a safer and saner choice in spite of its never-ending multitude of problems - it is by far a superior place to live more decently and build, even with the war which will likely deteriorate local quality of life in the short term.

  12. Speaking of which, soon I expect Russia to directly engage a NATO country, probably the Baltics. That means shit will get even more serious than today, a hard textbook test of how a civilization responds to barbarians assaulting what they only can see on TV now.

    • It is a litmus test for a federation most Europeans love and support yet badly managed from within.

    • Zooming out, everything in history converges and diverges in cycles - this is one of those turning moments in the books, and sadly we’re up to a bunch of leaders which public exposure reveals them to be mostly incompetent, meaning there’s many unforced errors adding to a game difficult to play to begin with.

    • It ain’t over yet, but we’re in for period of turbulence that’s going to get uglier than what we see today.

  13. Putin has zero incentives to stop i.e. if he does, he has nothing to show for it, his reason to exist disappears and his people will kill him. Plus, if nothing else, he has China and Trump behind - it’s a paradox solely connected by money. When in doubt, always follow the money trails, both directly benefit from the conflict and from a weak and dissolved Europe.

  14. Even in the unlikely event of some sort of a peace treaty that's currently under discussions for being signed off - it will be just temporary. The current American administration doesn’t seem to have the will to understand non-transactional implications of hundreds of years of history, in spite of using their leverage for meddling directly - it just forces things out. Any equilibrium point that’s not reached organically, is going to be temporary and fragile - current dynamics suggest anything but.

  15. War is bad any way you look at it, but I could see a good part of it:

    • will unite more Europeans people than ever (hopefully)

    • will see an extra emergency push on European tech advancement, a driver that could translate into economic surplus.

  16. I am bullish on tech built in Europe, and think that defense spending has good momentum odds for building competencies with spillover effects in all of the economy.

    • The war is a serious PMF moment that enables fast scaling, doubled-down by vertical and horizontal moves adding complexity and outer tech layers supporting the war economy i.e. robotics, quantum, cyber. Not negligible - many second order effects by intersecting verticals i.e health & defence, logistics & defense etc.

  17. I am seeing more and more engineering and science-background founders doing startups, much more than the usual European consultant type that lives on Linkedin. This is significant and also where the VC money is already going i.e. STEM-driven ventures, or deep tech sectors like quantum computing and advanced materials.

  18. Sovereign plays will become a standard narrative, now that the US administration seemingly is pushing the big tech’s agenda for not following the European laws. This is a tension point that will only accentuate next year - anything local with traction that’s an alternative to American tech will have an easy case to get VC funded. It’s how Mistral has made it to a 14B company, btw.

  19. Two special notes here:

    • it will be interesting to follow whether European customers will also vouch with their wallets the increasing American/European tech divide. Europe remains a fragmented, multi-language, multi-cultural market that makes it easy to find entry points arbitrages and hard to provide the economy of scale premises for an emerging VC-funded tech startup.

    • the Chinese tech influx and how the European politicians will deal with it - if ever - now that China is a proxy part of the Russian war. Europe is full of cheap Chinese industrial tech and I expect an increased penetration as most of the European market is price-sensitive, which is the Chinese selling point - Chinese are great at selling while Europeans are slow to protectively react.

  20. In other words - will the sovereign narrative lead to Europe-only purchases, or would rather involve non-American but cheap and inferior alternatives such as the Chinese?

  21. Profitability over growth will still be key for startups in Europe at growth stages, as the ZIRP lessons are still fresh on local minds.

    • Crossing the chasm from experiments to serious growth business is still the most difficult part for startups and the series A dealings crunch that we’ve seen in the past 18-24 months will likely perpetuate this year i.e. local early-stage startups have stricter traction requirements, leading to fewer deals and a barbell market favouring proven players over speculative ideas.

  22. The American IPO market will be active in 2026, as a mean of liquidity for Silicon Valley investors i.e. mostly Trump supporters, and fuel to the US economy in need to sell a success story to the upcoming midterms elections in November.

    • The official American narrative is that their economy grew 4.3% this year but notably it’s just Twitter talk as the official institutions were instructed to cancel releasing public numbers while public polls indicate sentiment support at very low levels. Also notably, this past week, more than two-thirds of this year's tech IPOs have been trading below their listing prices.

    • Out of a bunch of Euro candidates, interesting to follow whether the European darlings Revolut and Stripe will jump into the public markets arena - my guess is they won’t, they’re well-capitalized and have long-term oriented investors who both understand cycles and are fit to ride them.

  23. The M&A and secondaries market will be active in Europe next year. I think there will be many acq-hirings in the mid-market - especially American tech looking to grow aggressively.

    • A special note for the secondary market - the past years lack of liquidity events led to many VCs not being able to justify their existence beyond paper money.

    • Being dependent on IPOs as a sole way to pay DPIs within 8-10 years is a vulnerability that the buy-side market needs to solve - already secondaries are not perceived as a distress signal but as an organic event that will make the market overall more liquid and flexible. On point, both Stripe and Revolut have had secondary events, a couple each, recently.

  24. This extra liquidity will also bring more American investors active to Europe - the competition in US is huge, and Europe still has pockets of cheaper alpha while most Americans find it rather a contrarian edge move. Besides, getting the right investors able to help you expand overseas is still an asset in the VC/startups dance, especially in an environment favouring polarisation rather than collaboration.

  25. More investor competition means also more aggressive media marketing - many investors crave attention and dream to be social media personalities while their actual job is to increase AuM for paying back DPIs.

    • At the top, folks just copy a16z’s playbook, and forget that doing something poorly is worse than not doing anything. Seems straightforward but it’s not, and the output level is really low as many went d2c producing content since it’s so easy and accessible - any kid could do it, right? Exactly!

    • And btw, as a side, I know many people disillusioned at social media VC heroes acting very different in real-life settings. Point is, there’s a reason for the good marcom professionals getting paid the big bucks - the need for excellent marketing and standing out is real as it’s as competitive as ever while the social media slop is INSANE, each cycle brings newcomers chasing engagement by selling the afore-mentioned attention for free - add to it AI content, which is 70%+ of Linkedin posts, all this slop is a proxy to a journalism profession that finds it hard to distinguish between professional values and how to make money.

    • And remember, the social media job is to make you angry, happy or frustrated - if it doesn’t, the poster is doing a poor job. You are hardly informed by a mass of sentiment-driven content - rather what the algo feeds you, trapped in an echo chamber, and harder than ever to distinguish signal out of noise and what’s real and what’s not. And one of the reasons for which intel products like Nordic9/Sunday CET matter. 😀

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Signals

2026 predictions

What’s the next big thing, reasons for optimism and pessimism and what’s the market going to look like - here’s what to expect to happen next year.

Interesting early stage deals

This year, we have screened through more than 6000 transactions from 7000 investors dealing in Europe, which we archive at Nordic9 - every week we curate what’s interesting, usually outside the media noise, and send our findings to our customers, alongside significant market intel.

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Deep insights

This year we have done a series of interviews with top investors for taking the pulse of the market - hard questions with great answers providing unique interesting perspectives.

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Cheat sheets

We have done 56 cheat sheets on the European startups and VC market this year. That’s more than one every week - all are available to our Nordic9 customers.

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That’s all folks, enjoy your holidays and have a wonderful New Year!

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