Hey there,
Welcome to Sunday CET! Three more weeks and we’re done with 2025 - feels like it went by so fast, doesn’t it?
Today we have a great interview coming from France with the one and only Roxanne Varza, one of the better go-to-people when you want to take the pulse of the French early stage startups.
She didn’t disappoint:
EU Inc needs to happen now - not in 2 years
there’s not a ‘a French way’ of building companies but still taboo saying that you want to make billions
France has a strong AI ecosystem and 1/3 of the Station F population is non French
Europe has a more thoughtful approach than the US and is building a future I want to be part of
being a minority in Europe is a huge asset, it gives you a hedge
It’s a banger, Roxanne is awesome and a must read - scroll down for it.
Also today - more acquisitions for the Italian internet museum collectors aka Bending Spoon, Klarna venturing into premium products, Mistral hiring in secondary markets and VCs being un-ethical.
Here for your thoughts and comments - hit reply.
Enjoy,
Dragos
PS I’m now booking in newsletter sponsors for 2026 - premium product, widely read and shared across the industry etc Please reach out if you’re interested.

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Market talk
We are doing an interview series for taking the pulse of the startup market through the eyes of the investors. This week - Roxanne Varza - director at Station F, angel investor and one of the most knowledgeable persons when it comes to early stage startups in France.
You've been leading Station F for almost ten years - that's several startup generations and business cycles. How would you describe the state of the French startup ecosystem right now?
The French startup ecosystem has matured a lot since we launched Station F in 2017. At the time we struggled with funding and brain drain. Today our ecosystem is one of the leaders in Europe.
At Station F alone our companies raised €1 billion in just 8 months […in 2025], a record for us. I’d say there is still a lot to do - especially the exit market needs strengthening. And I think the upcoming presidential election could shake things up a bit, though it may be more noise than anything else.
When you look across Europe, the conventional path for local founders is moving to London on their way to the US. Why London and not Paris - is it because Paris doesn't have what it takes or is it just a prejudice? What distinguishes the local ecosystem from others like London or Stockholm?
Mmm, I actually haven’t seen this!
We have over 70 nationalities at Station F, 1/3 of our population is non French. If people want to move, they will go straight to the US (though the current President is unpredictable and making it more risky). Maybe 5-10 years ago it was London but I’m not really seeing this much now.
I also think because we have such a strong AI ecosystem, this has helped distinguish us from other countries. And with Brexit, being in Europe and on the continent has benefits too.
France is an European engine for tech and creative talent - but is the mindset now fully entrepreneurial, or do cultural factors still hold people back from risk-taking? Is there a 'French way' of building startups?
I’ve never noticed “a French way” of building companies because the ecosystem emulates the US ecosystem quite a bit.
The differences are more structural than cultural. Though it is still taboo to say you want to make billions.
Most of the startup funding in France comes from public subsidies - how do you balance that 'state boosterism' with the need for genuine market-driven validation?
Not sure this is true, there is a lot of public but also a lot of private funding.
In early stage we have founders using unemployment benefits and state grants, in later stage the funding takes the shape of fund of funds. So I’d say it’s done very well alongside the private investors, so there is a great deal of market validation.
What keeps you optimistic about the European startup ecosystem today? What signals tell you we’re heading in the right direction and what's still missing?
I like this ecosystem because while it is progressing on many levels, people here have real values. I actually am not anti regulation and sometimes I feel the US way of innovations puts the consumer at risk (which is what we have seen with various scandals).
So in many ways Europe has a more thoughtful approach and I think is building a future I want to be part of.
You’ve said the 'exit market' is Europe’s biggest bottleneck. What do you think the practical solution to this is and how do you see it play out in the future?
I do think the state can play a part in kickstarting this and pricing incentives for companies to acquire locally. This is more about catalyzing a shift rather than a real need for fiscal relief. I think it can definitely help bolster acquisitions, the IPO market will take longer.
AI is clearly dominating the conversation - what other under-the-radar trends or verticals do you find exciting among Station F startups?
We are still bullish on climate and quantum computing as well! Europe and France are well positioned to lead in these areas. We also see a lot of cyber and security companies.
Which French or European startups have caught your eye recently?
Sooooo many! We just announced our top 40 companies of 2025 at Station F and just about every company I love!
I’m also an investor in a few companies I love - Lovable, Amo, Robeauté (they make nano robots for the brain!), Beyond Aero (hydrogen private jets) and more.
If you had €1 billion to invest tomorrow, what European themes or problem spaces would you double down on?
I would pay whoever it is that needs paying to make EU inc go live tomorrow. The idea is brilliant but it needs to happen now - not in 2 years!
You have a truly inspirational profile - born in the US, have Persian origins and moved to France in your early twenties - a young immigrant woman rather a fit to the typical discrimination stereotype case, still fairly frequent in the European society, and not the obvious path to running one of the world’s most iconic startup campuses. What do you think it really takes to build credibility in a foreign ecosystem - and how could Europeans transform this discrimination problem into an opportunity?
Being a minority or “atypical” is actually a huge asset! It makes you different, it gives you an edge.
There were many many things I had to learn and I quickly learned as a foreigner that you get nowhere alone. I’ve been fortunate to have met so many amazing people who have been willing to help. So my real learning is don’t underestimate the power of those around you.
You can read all the interviews here. Who else would you like us to do next? Hit reply with your favorits!
Signals
Interesting early stage deals
🇨🇿 Duvo (AI agents platform for ecommerce) - seed
🇳🇴 Fronted (cross-border recruitment platform) - pre-seed
🇫🇷 Gradium (AI language models) - seed
🇪🇸 Lizzy AI (AI co-pilot for recruiting) - seed
🇬🇧 Searchable (AI search visibility) - seed
🇫🇷 UMA Robots (general-purpose humanoid robots) - pre-seed
We add more of those on Linkedin and keep a religious track of what’s interesting in Europe on Nordic9.
What would you invest in?
I have picked three early stage startups from Europe with intriguing odds for growing. You're the VC - who gets your term sheet?
Last week’s results:
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩 🇬🇧 Applied Atomics - co-located nuclear powerplants (55%)
🟨⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️⬜️ 🇸🇪 Garba AI - AI sales agents on top of a CRM (15%)
🟨🟨🟨⬜️⬜️⬜️ 🇫🇷 Rounded - AI voice agents at scale (30%)
Let’s see your say this week - click on the link of your choice below - we’ll add the result next week.
What startup would you invest in?
Market plays
Visa is pushing its consumers efforts across Europe with three brand new digital wallets done with BBVA (Spain), Klarna (Sweden) and Vipps MobilePay (Norway).
that means breaking Apple’s gatekeeping i.e. people with iPhones can now tap to pay with these wallets just like with Apple Pay, but using third-party wallets rather than being tied to Apple’s own wallet.
Kraken is also pushing on the Euro/British consumer market with a card that’s backed by Mastercard.
funny observation - their UK page shows me content in Russian, but maybe it’s a feature not a bug as there’s still a lot of Russian money in London.
Qivalis is the name of the company backed by 10 major European banks planning to issue a euro‑denominated stablecoin by the second half of 2026 - it appointed an ex-Coinbase as CEO, who also works for Angel Invest in Germany.
mentioned this already in a previous email, banks want to own the rails and remain financially relevant in a digital economy that might otherwise bypass them. There’s also a sovereign play, as an euro-backed stablecoin owned by Europeans is better than one owned by an American company - a serious issue now that Europe’s trajectory is a matter of American national security.
Klarna is venturing in premium products as it launched a competing service to Amex Platinum and Chase Sapphire in the US
interesting to follow how a premium financial product will fare, especially since BNPL is mostly a choice for people with lower income.
Mistral made some cool product announcements, as well as a deal with HSBC this week, building momentum on what the French did with SAP and a bunch of governments last month.
It also opened offices in Zurich and Lausanne and is hiring in Poland - going to secondary markets shows that the war for talent is real, no wonder OpenAI just bought an AI shop in Warsawa, where Google is already active btw.
fyi - some US compensation benchmarks for AI talent.
UIPath produced $1.8B in Q3 sales, and The Economist £170.3M for the first six months of 2025 out of a sub base of 1.255M, while Eventbrite was purchased for a mere $500 million by Bending Spoon, the well-known Italian roll-up player aka the internet museum relics collector.
Eventbrite’s made $80 million in tickets sales at $20M FCFF in 2024, considerably less than in 2018 when it IPO-ed at $1.8B.
the Italians are trying to make a case of how AI will proxy Eventbrite’s lack of PMF - fwiw, the roll-up thinking is keeping flat/lower costs while squeezing operational efficiencies into as many EBITDA margin points as possible in order to make it for a later interesting flip.
the assumption, of course, is that there’s also some residual revenue growth, at least at market rates - which is harder in the case of the ‘has been brands’ like BS is acquiring, as said brands lost to competitors mainly due to lack of customer appeal rather than being run at higher costs.
will Bending Spoon succeed reviving those businesses? Maybe, there’s some serious PE investors betting on them to do so at a $11B price tag, all while the market prices software roll-ups nicely these days i.e. beyond PE, the likes of GC and Thrive are doing it at high levels in the US.
More narratives
I expect an ‘AI agent-assisted shopping’ frenzy next year, especially since OpenAI will push its ads business, which in turn is fuelled by ecommerce (OAI just poached the chief of staff to Amazon’s retail chief btw) - and more payment operators will launch MCPs i.e. WorldPay just launched one and so did Mercury. In Europe, folks are still sleeping - the proverbial European tech lag, I know Mollie did something tho.
Speaking of new things for next year, will GPTs start serving video ads during their thinking? Interrupted experience is a mass consumer model for freemiums whereas the user is the product - look at YT which is basically un-usable on a free account because of the ads. It’s just a matter of time until GPTs’ free availability will be only justified by data collection and ad serving - just like Google has been doing for the past 30 years, right?
Now is a good time to sell, if you’re in the startup business - better a good exit now than a great exit that never comes.
Top consulting firms have frozen starting salaries for the third consecutive year while Accenture calls their employees reinventors just because they got them hooked to a GPT account - probably on McKinsey advice on how to be perceived as AI thought leaders. 😀
Good podcast produced by Elad Gil with Henry Kravis, a guy who’s been doing PE for 50 years.
Btw, there’s an explosion of those as lately a new batch of investors has discovered media marketing and made it their core GTM. We’re in that part of the cycle where content is cool again but sadly most are just sucky slop contributors to social media channels already not comestible - SM has become almost useless for signal capturing unless really sophisticated these days.
And if human slop is not enough as is on the social media, Google is experimenting with AI slop replacing news headlines with AI clickbait nonsense.
Also notable
This is a type of un-ethical case I know of first hand as it recently happened to people I work with, twice - i.e. VCs using "diligence" as a pretext to harvest customer contacts and funnel them to competitors.
It’s just a bad practice that gives the whole VC industry a bad rep, and you don’t want to deal with this type of people to begin with. Hard to protect either as a founder, as you usually talk to investors in good faith, without thinking they have an agenda other than doing their core job - vetting and personal references are and will be even more important in the future, I guess. How do you guys deal with this espionage kind of stuff? HMU!Berlin wants to attract more companies from the security and defence industry.
The EU is super slow to improve and do good by its tax payers yet their time from complaint to antitrust investigation is 6 weeks.
Silicon Valley’s man in the White House is benefiting himself and his friends.
The American administration wants to make Russian deals that Europe now regrets:
It’s the stupidest thing ever to think the Russians will let Americans get a single penny out of this. […] The US and Europe didn’t export democracy to Russia. Instead, the West (London in particular) imported Russian corruption. The Europeans were always ahead on this - less idealistic about changing the Russian system, and quicker to capitalize on the strategic and material deals that eluded American investors. The Nord Stream pipelines, which kept German energy prices low and German politics pro-Russian, were the crown jewels.In 2025, the number of world billionaires rose from 2,682 to nearly 3,000.
Students are flocking to get AI majors at MIT.
People are uploading their medical records to AI chatbots despite privacy concerns - the problem is when the AI gets it wrong.
China is undergoing an astonishing awakening of terroir.
Thieves have stolen €90,000 worth of snails from a farm in northern France that supplies gourmet restaurants.
52 things I learned in 2025.
That’s all folks, have a wonderful week!
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